STANCE PHASE
- LOADING RESPONSE
(0 to 10 percent of the gait cycle, the period from initial contact until contralateral toe off)
- MIDSTANCE AND TERMINAL STANCE
(from 10 to 50 percent of the gait cycle, ending when the opposite foot contacts the ground)
- PRESWING
(50 to 60 percent of the gait cycle,ending when the foot leaves the ground)
SWING PHASE (60 to 100 percent of the gait cycle)
- Pelvis rotates forward and entire lower limb rotates internally.
- Ankle dorsiflexes ankle and knee is flexed.
- STJ pronation / supination is variable.
- tibia rotates further/faster than femur, resulting in relative tibial internal rotation.
- tibial internal rotation permits knee flexion.
- tibia-fibula and talus rotate together at mortise-like ankle joint.
- subtalar joint pronates
MIDSTANCE AND TERMINAL STANCE
RELATIVE BACKWARD PELVIC ROTATION AND EXTERNAL ROTATION OF ENTIRE LOWER EXTREMTIY
(this involves an external rotation of the entire lower limb with respect to the line of progress)
- tibia rotates further/faster than femur, resulting in relative external tibial rotation (relative internal femoral rotation), facilitating knee screw-home/extension
- tibia-fibula and talus rotate together at mortise-like ankle joint.
- subtalar joint supinates