A ligamentous strategy for lifting

Existence of a "critical point" (Kippers & Parker, 1984) "An unusual phenomenon of sudden muscle inhibition in the erector spinae ... when the trunk has completed about two-thirds of the range of trunk flexion ... (Smith, Weiss, and Lehmkuhl, 1996, p.390)"

"At a certain point during forward flexion, the activity in the back muscles ceases, and the vertebral column is braced by the locking of the zygapophyseal joints and tension in its posterior ligaments. (Bogduk & Twomey, 1991, p.100)"


References: Bogduk, N., & Twomey, L.T. (1991). Clinical anatomy of the lumbar spine (2nd ed.). Melbourne: Churchill Livingstone.

Kippers, V., & Parker, A.W. (1984). Posture related to myoelectric silence of erectores spinae during trunk flexion. Spine,9, 740-745.

Abstract

Smith, L.K., Weiss, E.L., & Lehmkuhl, L.D. (1996). Brunnstrom's clinical kinesiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.


Abstracts

Kippers & Parker, 1984

Electromyographic activity of erectores spinae exhibits points of abrupt change during trunk flexion from the erect position and return extension. This study examined the positions at which the myoelectric activity suddenly disappeared and later reappeared.

Forty adults were investigated to define accurately the inclinations of the trunk, pelvis, and vertebral column at these positions. The positions at the commencement and cessation of the period of electrical silence both occurred at two-thirds of maximum trunk flexion (mean = 80 degrees +/- 13 degrees SD). At these positions, all flexion measurements were significantly less than their maxima (P less than 0.001). Hip flexion at the commencement of electrical silence was slightly above one-half its maximum range, and similar to the position at the recommencement of electrical activity (mean = 40 degrees +/- 12 degrees SD). The most reproducible measurement (r = 0.88) in both positions was vertebral flexion (89% Max.; mean = 48 degrees +/- 6 degrees SD). Eleven of the male subjects repeated the experimental task holding 10.1 kg in their hands. The effect of this was to produce inhibition and reactivation of erectores spinae at a greater degree of vertebral flexion.


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