Secondary (accessory) muscles of respiration
Anterior view
(Kapandji, 1974, p.149, Fig. 30)
| Posterior view
(Kapandji, 1974, p.149, Fig. 29)
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Secondary muscles of inspiration
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sternocleidomastoideus (1)
scalenes (3)
pectoralis major (4)
pectoralis minor (5)
serratus anterior
serratus posterior superior (11)
upper iliocostalis (12)
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Secondary muscles of expiration
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external oblique (8)
internal oblique (9)
rectus abdominus (7)
lower iliocostalis (13)
lower longissimus (14)
serratus posterior inferior (15)
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Source of figures:
Kapandji, I.A. (1974). Functional components of the vertebral column. In I.A. Kapandji, The physiology of the joints: Vol. 3. The trunk and the vertebral column. New York: Churchill Livingstone.